This workshop will be divided into two parts. In the first part, we will analyze the main trends in gender gaps in the labor market in some selected OECD countries, focusing on employment, wages as well as top managerial positions. After this overview, we will review the main consequences of these differences in labor market outcomes between men and women, hinting at its effects on fertility behavior as well as gender norms and patterns of violence against women. In the second part, which will involve stronger participation of the audience, we will propose policies that may be useful in overcoming and reverting these gender gaps and will review some of the evidence on its effectiveness, by drawing on the experiences of countries that have introduced such policies.