Why citizens of Eastern Germany are more likely to vote for the radical right? Why do people turn out to vote even if their likelihood of influencing the election outcome is minimal? How is it possible that support for LGBTQi+ policies increases simultaneously with support for conservative parties? Traditional political science accounts focusing on voters' rationality and institutions fall short of explanatory power to answer these and related questions. Instead, cultural explanations are gaining prominence, and the increasing availability of digitalized historical and text data has provided the ground to test them systematically. Following this trend, this course introduces students to the developing subfield of Political Culture, with a particular focus on applications in political behavior topics. The course combines a well-curated reading list with introductory lectures and seminar discussions to foster critical thinking about the role of culture in politics. Students who take this course will acquire the skills to analyze political behavior from a cultural perspective, developing original research ideas and successful designs to test them.

The course is organized as a block seminar that will run during the Spring term of 2023. Each block will consist of three/four sessions concentrated on Fridays. The first block will introduce the core conceptual tools in the study of political culture, such as the concepts of social norms, group identity or cultural transmission. The second and third blocks will then delve into specific political behavior topics revisited from a cultural perspective, such as voting preferences, electoral turnout or inter-group relations. We will also investigate the interaction between political and cultural change and assess the conditions under which they may reinforce or contain each other. Finally, students will present original ideas related to the course topics and a research design to test them.

This list should be taken as orientative, since it might suffer changes before the beginning of the course:

- Henrich, J., Heine, S. J., & Norenzayan, A. (2010). The weirdest people in the
  world? Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 33 (2–3), 61–83, discussion 83–135.

- Jared Rubin (2020). Culture in Historical Political Economy. 

- Henrich, J. (2015). *The Secret of Our Success: How Culture Is Driving Human
  Evolution, Domesticating Our Species, and Making Us Smarter*. 

- Lena, J. C., Lizardo, O., McDonnell, T. E., Mische, A., Tavory, I., Wherry, F. F. V., ...
  & Frye, M. (2019). *Measuring culture*. Columbia University Press. 

- Bicchieri, C. (2016). Norms in the wild: How to diagnose, measure, and change
  social norms. Oxford University Press.

- Huddy, L. (2001). From Social to Political Identity: A Critical Examination of
  Social Identity Theory. Political Psychology, 22(1), 127–156.
  https://doi.org/10.1111/0162-895X.00230

- Axelrod, R. (1997). The dissemination of culture: A model with local
  convergence and global polarization. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 41(2),
  203–226.

- Lowes, Sara. (2022).“Culture in Historical Political Economy”. National Bureau
  of Economic Research, no. w30511.

- Ziblatt, D., Hilbig, H., & Bischof, D. (2023). Wealth of Tongues: Why Peripheral
  Regions Vote for the Radical Right in Germany. American Political Science
  Review, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055423000862

- Domènech, J., & Sánchez-Cuenca, I. (2022). The Long Shadow of Agrarian
  Conflict: Agrarian Inequality and Voting in Spain. British Journal of Political
  Science, 52(4), 1668–1688.

- Gerber, A. S., Green, D. P., & Larimer, C. W. (2008). Social Pressure and Voter
  Turnout: Evidence from a Large-Scale Field Experiment. American Political
  Science Review, 102(1), 33–48. https://doi.org/10.1017/S000305540808009X

- Doherty, D., Dowling, C. M., Gerber, A. S., & Huber, G. A. (2017). Are Voting
  Norms Conditional? How Electoral Context and Peer Behavior Shape the Social
  Returns to Voting. The Journal of Politics, 79(3), 1095–1100.
  https://doi.org/10.1086/691689

- Levendusky, M. S. (2018). Americans, Not Partisans: Can Priming American
  National Identity Reduce Affective Polarization? The Journal of Politics, 80(1),
  59–70. https://doi.org/10.1086/693987

- Turnbull-Dugarte, S. J., & López Ortega, A. (2023). Instrumentally Inclusive: The
  Political Psychology of Homonationalism. American Political Science Review,
  1–19.
  https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055423000849

- Valentim, V. (2022). Political Stigmatization and Preference Falsification: Theory
  and Observational Evidence (SSRN Scholarly Paper 4023263).
  https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4023263

- Dinas, E., Martínez, S., & Valentim, V. (2023). Social Norm Change, Political
  Symbols, and Expression of Stigmatized Preferences. The Journal of Politics.
  https://doi.org/10.1086/726951

- Bau, N. (2021). Can Policy Change Culture? Government Pension Plans and
  Traditional Kinship Practices. American Economic Review, 111(6), 1880–1917.
  https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20190098

- Tankard, M. E., & Paluck, E. L. (2017). The effect of a Supreme Court decision
  regarding gay marriage on social norms and personal attitudes. Psychological
  Science, 28(9), 1334–1344.

- Gándara, N. (2023). ‘We are your pack’: Feminist Social Movements on
  Countering Violence Against Women

- Anduiza, E., & Rico, G. (2022). Sexism and the Far-Right Vote: The Individual
  Dynamics of Gender Backlash. American Journal of Political Science.
  https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12759